The term zang-fu in traditional Chinese medicine refers to the gross anatomical entities of the internal organs. At the same time, it is also a generalization of the physiological functions of the human body. The heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and pericardium grouped together are known as the six zang organs. Their main physiological functions are manufacturing and storing essential substances including vital essence, qi (vital energy), blood and body fluid. The small intestine, gall bladder, stomach, large intestine, urinary bladder and sanjiao are known collectively as the six fu organs. Their main functions are to receive and digest food, absorb nutrient substances, and transmit and excrete wastes. There are in addition extraordinary fu organs including the brain and the uterus.
The zang organs are different in function from the fu, but the difference is only relative. In physiological activities, astructural and functional connection as well as co-ordination exists not only among the zang and the fu organs as separate entities, but also among the zang and the fu organs collectively, and even among the zang-fu organs on the one hand and the five sense organs and five tissues on the other. The theory of zang-fu taking the five zang organs (six including the pericardium) as core explains the peculiarity of traditional Chinese medicine, i.e. the concept of regarding the body as an integral whole physiologically and pathologically.
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